Planting trees and shrubs, compatibility of trees in the garden

To grow a beautiful garden, you need to know the intricacies of planting fruit and berry crops. For those who want to get their own garden, it is extremely important to have information on how to choose the right planting time, how to create favorable conditions for seedlings to grow.

How to plan a fruit tree garden

Planting trees and shrubs has its own characteristics. Before disposing of the land, it is recommended to develop a design project in compliance with the proportions of the site and indicating the location of all objects.

Garden

There are special computer programs for landscape design that help to plan the site, creating comfortable conditions for all plants and for the life of the owner in this garden.

Even a small suburban area can be turned into a garden. First, you should decide what species you want to plant. In this case, it is necessary to proceed from the characteristics of the climatic zone, soil and relief of the land plot.

The most convenient form for planning a garden plot is a rectangle. On the plan of a plot of this shape, all buildings are marked, the remaining territory is divided into sections with clear boundaries. The sections are planted with fruit and berry crops and ornamental plants, based on the individual preferences of the site owner. This layout method is suitable for those with narrow and long sections.

The opposite of rectangular is the layout of the site in the form of a circle. Its main elements are flower beds and lawns, the creation of patio yards. With this design, straight lines and corners on the territory of the site are recommended to be hidden behind climbing plants.

Plants in the garden

A professional landscape designer will help you to correctly design a round concept. The easiest way to embody the concept of a round shape in a square area.

The diagonal plot layout is ideal when you need to visually increase the size of a very small plot. With a diagonal layout, the house is the center of the composition, from which the plantings depart at an angle of 45 °. Depending on which direction the lines of garden objects diverge, the effect of a longer or wider area will be created.

If the site has a complex relief, natural reservoirs, then a free type of layout is suitable for it. This form requires minimal maintenance. However, even for this type of landscape design, accents are required.

Distance between trees when planting fruit trees

A close planting causes the roots to touch. This creates the danger of nutrient and moisture deficiency for one of them.

Distance between seedlings

When determining the distance between seedlings, you need to proceed from what the adult tree will be. Pears, apple trees, sweet cherries, apricots grow tall, so the distance between their seedlings should be 5-6 m.For dwarf crops, 3-4 m will be sufficient distance between seedlings.It is enough to leave 2 m between the columnar apple trees.

Planting apple trees distance between trees

Dwarf varieties are planted in 1 row at a distance of 2.5-3 m from each other. The gap between the rows should be 4-5 m. When semi-dwarf trees are planted, 4.5 meters are left between the seedlings and between the rows. For tall and tall varieties, the distance between trees is 5-5.5 m.

Sometimes apple trees are used as a hedge along the fence: they are planted in 1 row. If at the same time it is planned to form unusual forms in the form of arches, then it is enough to leave 1.5-2 m between the seedlings of dwarf varieties. The distance between the seedlings of medium apple trees is 5 m. For tall apple trees, it is necessary to leave 6 meters between the seedlings.

Distance between trees when planting columnar apple trees

Columnar apple trees grow well in the Moscow region and in the northern regions of Russia. The standard for the spacing between seedlings of this variety is 50 cm. When planting a columnar apple tree in rows every 1 m, leave 30 cm between the seedlings. So that each tree receives a sufficient amount of nutrients, the soil is abundantly fertilized before planting.

When is it better to plant trees: in autumn or spring

The apple tree can be planted in spring and autumn. However, in the spring you need to have time to plant a tree before the leaves appear. Autumn planting does not require rush, but there is a high probability that the seedling will not have time to take root before frost.

Dates of planting fruit trees in spring

The optimal time for spring planting of seedlings is April.

Fertilizer for fruit tree seedlings

Young seedlings need mineral and organic fertilizers. The most demanded additives for a good harvest of apple trees are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Additionally, you can use fertilizers with calcium, iron, sulfur, manganese. Top dressing should be comprehensive.

Fertilizers

Nitrogen is found in compost, manure, and poultry droppings. They are diluted with water in proportions of 1:10. Fertilizers with nitrogen are used in spring, in combination with ammonium nitrate.

In the fall, 4 years after planting, fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium are introduced. Fruit crops can be fertilized with these mixtures during the formation of the fruit ovary or in spring.

Phosphoric acid is found in fertilizers such as superphosphate. This top dressing is suitable for all fruit trees.

Such preparations as nitrophoska, compositions "AVA" and "Autumn" have proven themselves well.

Podzolic and soddy soil is fertilized with ash, adding it to any organic dressing.

Planting shrubs

Seat selection

When planting shrubs, take into account:

• the illumination of the site by the sun;

• the degree of soil moisture;

• soil composition.

Distance between bushes

To determine the optimal distance between the bushes, you need to add the height of 2 adjacent bushes and divide the resulting amount by 3.

Distance between bushes

Fruit tree compatibility

Neighborhood table of fruit trees and shrubs

What fruit trees can not be planted nearby

It is not recommended to place next to those fruit, which:

• They have common pests, are prone to the same diseases;

• Chemicals are released into the soil;

• They grow at different rates. The crop that develops faster will take a large amount of nutrients from the soil.

• They love moisture equally;

• They have a spreading crown, which can lead to a lack of sunlight.

Berry bushes compatibility

Black and golden currants will become wonderful neighbors. Red currants and gooseberries, grapes and raspberries get along well.

Sea buckthorn can be a good neighbor for fruit bushes. But its roots are growing rapidly, so they are limited to roofing material or slate.

Tree propagation

Air layering

Almost any fruit tree can be propagated by air vents. For layering, healthy young branches are chosen that grow from the southern, southeastern or southwestern side. If the branch is tilted, it must be positioned vertically with the help of a guy line.

This breeding technology is done like this:

1. In early spring, you need to put on a polyethylene sleeve on the branch, the diameter of which is 8-12 cm, the length is 35-40 cm. At the base of the branch, the edge of the sleeve must be tightly wrapped with insulating tape. At the end of March, closer to the harness, you need to make 2 circular incisions in the bark of the branch to the middle. The distance between the cuts is 1.5-2 cm. The bark ring between the cuts is removed, this place is wrapped with electrical tape.

Air layering

2. Above the annular cuts, 3-5 longitudinal cuts should be made, the length of which will be 10-15 cm, the depth - 0.5-1 mm. Pour 1.5-2 liters of boiled water into the sleeve so that the water covers the incisions. Tie the upper end of the sleeve. The branch will stay in the water for 2-3 days.

3. A layer of wet nutrient mixture from leafy soil and sifted rotted manure in proportions of 1: 2 is placed in the sleeve. The mixture is tamped so that there is no air left in the sleeve. 2-3 cm of mulch is laid on top of it. The edge of the sleeve is tied up.

4. In September-October, the rooted branch is cut off and planted in the ground, without removing the mixture that was in the plastic sleeve. When the seedling is placed in the hole, the sleeve is removed. The hole is sprinkled with earth, watered. For support, the seedling is tied to a stick.

Cuttings

For the manufacture of the cuttings take healthy young shoots with green bark. The cut end of the cutting is placed in a container of water. For planting cuttings, cold greenhouses with a depth of 30-35 cm are ideal. A mixture of turf and sand is placed on the bottom, and coarse sand is placed on top.

The cuttings are planted in rows to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. For support, a peg is attached to each cuttings. Between the rows you need to leave 6-10 cm, between the cuttings in a row - 4-5 cm. After planting, the cuttings are watered through a sieve, covered with a frame and create a shadow for them. The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 20-25 ° C. Rooting occurs in 8-12 days.

Beautiful garden

When the first shoots go on the cuttings, the greenhouse is slightly opened. The active growth of shoots indicates that the frame can be removed. At the end of August, cuttings can be planted in open ground. Before freezing, seedlings must be spud.

A beautiful garden is the dream of every land owner. In addition to the garden, I also want to have a vegetable garden.Knowing the simple rules for planning a garden plot and information about reproduction and proper planting of fruit crops will help gardeners to make their most cherished dreams come true.