Gelenium perennial - planting and care in the garden
Content:
Gelenium flowers are a common plant in many garden areas. The bush attracts attention with its beautiful flowers, which delight the eye for almost the entire season. There are about 40 different species that differ in the shade of leaves and buds. They are perennial or annual.
Description of gelenium: varieties and varieties
The garden flower came to our homeland from America. Helenium hybrid is a variety that is most often found in personal plots. This beautiful plant belongs to the perennial species. The maximum height of the stem reaches 150 cm. Depending on the type, the stem of the flower is: smooth, straight and branched. Stem leaves, lanceolate, growing alternately. It blooms with bright yellow-orange buds, resembles a hemisphere in shape. Flower diameter 3-4 cm.
The flower was named in honor of Elena, the wife of Menelaus.
If you do not prune, then the flower can grow and turn into a bush. The plant is very light-loving, this should be taken into account when planning planting. Autumn Gelenium is considered the progenitor of the hybrid variety.
Jazz belongs to the autumn variety. The height of the bush reaches 1.5 m. The shade of flowers ranges from bright yellow to red. It resembles a chamomile in shape, the diameter of the flower is about 5 cm. It grows well in loose and moist soil. The buds appear in mid-July.
The flower Gelenium Bigelow is native to Canada. It grows up to 80 cm in height and has whole, lanceolate leaves. The central part of the flower is brown, and the edges of the petals are yellow. The bud diameter is up to 6 cm. Active flowering begins from June to July.
Bigelow bud diameter up to 6 cm
Gelenium Salsa blooms with red-orange flowers, up to 5 cm in diameter. The peak of flowering occurs in June-August.
Gelenium Chupa differs from other species in that it can be found on rocky terrain and alpine mountains. Has a more developed and strong root system. It blooms with orange buds, 8-10 cm in diameter. Up to 90 cm in height. A plant with gray-green, whole leaves.
Gelenium Rubintswerg is called in another way - the ruby gnome. It reaches a height of 55 cm. It blooms with red-burgundy buds. Refers to cold-resistant varieties.
Moorheim Beauty. It grows up to 1.5 m. The period of active growth and flowering is observed from July to September. It has very strong stems that can withstand strong winds. A feature of the variety is not demanding on the quality of the soil. It blooms with deep red buds.
Gelenium Canaria is a type of plant with yellow flowers. It grows up to 1.5 m. The diameter of the inflorescence is about 5 cm. The flower attracts attention due to its pronounced aroma. Blooms from August to September.
Double Trouble also has yellow double flowers and grows up to 170 cm. The leaves are medium-sized, sessile, with a finely toothed edge, and the inflorescences are presented in the form of a basket.
Gold variety (Goldrausch) will grow up to 1.5 m and bloom with bright yellow buds. In translation, the name of the flower sounds like "gold rush".
Gupes reaches a height of 90 cm. Leaves are gray-green with solid plates. It blooms with single yellow buds, the diameter of the inflorescence is 8 cm.
Gelenium Ranchera blooms in small buds that resemble chamomile. The flowers are red with a brown center and appear between August and October. The height of the bush is up to 50 cm, and the width is 60 cm.Grow best on the sunny side in moist and fertile soil.
The height of the bush is up to 50 cm, and the width is 60 cm
Gelenium Sombrero is a small shrub with bright yellow flowers. The peak of flowering is observed in August-September. Leaves in the form of a spear, jagged, dark green hue. Plant height - 50 cm. For proper growth, fertile and well-drained soil is necessary.
Gelenium Poncho is a perennial of decorative origin. It blooms in summer with bright red flowers with yellow edges. The height of the bush is up to 80 cm.
Another decorative type is Bandera helenium. Refers to perennial plants. The flowers are coppery with crimson stripes and a violet-yellow center. It begins to bloom at the end of August.
The Voltraut variety is a hybrid species that was bred back in the 20th century. Plant with orange-yellow flowers and a brown center. Flowering begins in June and lasts until August.
Gelenium Hot Lava is a two-colored shrub with red-orange flowers. It grows up to 80 cm. It has powerful and sturdy stems. Flowering takes place from July to September, resembles in appearance daisies.
The Sunrise variety grows up to 1.3 m, forming a branched bush with lanceolate leaves. It begins to bloom in August, so it blends well with the fall landscape.
Phaeton belongs to the Chuppah species. Flowering begins in late summer. The plant produces bright yellow flowers with a slightly green center. Gelenium perennial has tall stems and lanceolate leaves. It can reach a height of 1 m.
Helenium Helena also belongs to the autumn varieties. It is a herbaceous perennial with orange-red buds. Blooms from July to September. Height up to 1.2 m. Suitable for cutting.
The Chelsea variety has dark red flowers with yellow spots. The diameter of the inflorescence is 4-8 cm. It tolerates cold well. Fertile, clayey soil is required for cultivation.
Planting site, soil
Caring for the plant is simple, it is enough to adhere to a number of rules. Mature plants grow well in any temperature regime and are able to withstand slight frosts. Young seedlings should be grown between 20-22 ° C above zero.
Seed planting
Planting helenium perennial should begin by soaking the seeds in water. It is enough to keep the seed in liquid for 2 hours, and then treat it with a solution of potassium permanganate. After completing the procedure, the seeds must be dried.
Variegated plants prefer light, airy soil with good drainage.
Step-by-step instructions for planting seeds:
- Earth is poured into a small container and slightly moistened.
- Seeds are distributed on the surface of the soil, without deepening them too deeply. It is recommended to sprinkle them with sand on top of 3-4 mm.
- The container is covered with foil or glass to retain heat and accelerate germination.
- Be sure to store containers in a warm and well-lit place. The first time it is necessary to moisturize and ventilate the seedlings daily.
- For full development, daylight hours should be at least 65 hours.
The first shoots usually appear after a week. When the seeds have sprouted, the greenhouse can be removed, but the lighting is left at the same level. It is necessary to wait until 3 leaves grow and then dive into different containers. After 14 days, you can make the first feeding.
Transplanting
Planting in open ground and caring for helenium are the most important stages in the life of a plant. It is necessary to plant seedlings in May, when the soil has warmed up enough. You must first dig small holes. The distance between them is from 40 to 80 cm, depending on the type of flower. The depth of the hole is 20 cm. It is imperative to lay out drainage at the bottom, which will prevent stagnation of water in the root system of the plant. The soil is poured into the hole in half and warm water is poured.The seedling is transferred into the hole and covered with soil layer by layer.
The depth of the hole must be at least 20 cm
Watering and loosening the soil
Gelenium yellow and other varieties naturally grow in humid areas. Drought is difficult for these flowers. When growing on site, the gardener must ensure regular watering. If it is a rainy season, then you do not need to additionally moisten the soil. After each moistening, it is necessary to loosen the soil in order to prevent adequate access of oxygen to the root system. The evaporation of moisture can be prevented if the surface of the earth is periodically mulched.
Reproduction methods
Reproduction of Gelenium takes place in three ways: cuttings, dividing the bush and seeds.
The simplest and fastest method is considered to be the division of the bush. The manipulations are carried out in March-April. The advantage of dividing is that this process has a positive effect on the immunity of the flower. In the spring, the flower should be dug up along with a lump of earth and young shoots should be separated from it. New shoots are used for planting, and old ones are cut from the core and discarded.
The most difficult way is by cuttings. Cuttings should be started in the second half of spring. For this, the upper part of the shoot is cut off and rooted in moist peat soil.
Rooting usually occurs after a month
Planting helenium from seeds is also not difficult. The plant gives a huge amount of seeds, which are enough to collect for planting, or purchase in the store. However, it should be remembered that a flower grown in this way rarely retains the features of the mother bush.
Top dressing and transplanting
The helenium flower needs feeding throughout the growing season. You need to fertilize the plant 3 times a year. The first feeding is done in the spring before the start of active growth, using organic preparations. If the culture is grown in poor soil, then additionally add potassium sulfate (10 g per 10 L of water). The second time it is necessary to fertilize the helenium at the stage of bud formation. Complex solutions are suitable for this.
The third top dressing is done in the fall to enhance the protection of the plant before wintering. It is best to use superphosphate.
Since the flower depletes the soil, a transplant must be done every 3-4 years. A new place is pre-selected and fertilized. The optimal time for transplanting is spring. At the same time, you can propagate the bushes by dividing.
Pests and diseases
Three-leafed helenium has strong immunity, which is well resistant to fungal diseases and various insects. When grown under the right conditions, the risk of disease is very small. However, if the rules have been broken, the flower may suffer from the chrysanthemum nematode. These worms are easy to spot in the buds and soil of the plant. The pest negatively affects all parts of the bush. To get rid of insects, it is necessary to treat with an insecticidal agent. The affected areas are cut off and burned.
Chrysanthemum nematode bush
How to prepare for wintering
Before the cold weather, it is necessary to cut the stems of the plant to the very ground. Leave only 10-15 cm. Then you should sprinkle the area with sawdust or moss so that the layer is 5 cm thick. A special material is placed on top - lutrastil. You can remove the shelter in the spring, when all frosts have passed.
Flowering period and care after
Helenium blooms for 1-2 months. It blooms in August or September, depending on the species. Leaving during flowering remains the same. It is enough to make the groundbait a few weeks before the buds appear.
Use in landscape design
The bush can be planted around the reservoir, so they will create a beautiful and unusual shore.The plant is often found on the fences of houses. Thus, it is possible to transform an ordinary and unsightly structure. The shrub looks great next to other decorative flowers. To admire the flowering for a long time, it is necessary to plant different varieties on the site. The combination of helenium with aster, verbena, marigolds looks harmonious. A flower is often used to create bouquets.
